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- 1099 First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon elected first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.
- 1298 English defeat Scots at Battle of Falkirk
- 1456 Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade - John Hunyadi, Regent of Kingdom of Hungary defeats Mehmet II of Ottoman Empire
- 1461 Charles VII king of France (1422-61), dies at 58
- 1484 Battle of Lochmaben Fair - A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas captured.
- 1499 Battle of Dornach - The Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I.
- 1587 2nd English colony established on Roanoke Island off NC
- 1587 Colony of Roanoke: A second group of English settlers arrive on Roanoke Island off of North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.
- 1587 English settlers establish a colony on Roanoke Island off North Carolina.
- 1686 Albany, New York formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan
- 1686 City of Albany, NY chartered
- 1763 Catherine II issued her second manifesto inviting foreigners to settle in Russia. It spelled out the conditions under which they could immigrate and granted special rights and privileges. Large numbers of German peasants accepted the invitation.
- 1775 George Washington takes command of the troops
- 1796 Cleveland, Ohio, is founded by General Moses Cleaveland.
- 1796 Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
- 1802 Frigate Constellation defeats 9 Corsair gunboats off Tripoli.
- 1802 Marie-Fran‡ois-Xavier Bichat a founder of histology, dies
- 1805 Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition - Battle of Cape Finisterre - Inconclusive naval action fought between a combined French and Spanish fleets under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
- 1812 Duke of Wellington defeats French at Battle of Salamanca, Spain
- 1812 French troops are defeated by the British at the Battle of Salamanca in Spain.
- 1812 Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War - Battle of Salamanca - British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near what else Spain! Salamanca, Spain.
- 1826 Giuseppe Piazzi discoverer of first asteroid, dies
- 1854 J R Hind discovers asteroid #30 Urania
- 1864 Battle of Atlanta-Hood attacks Sherman & suffers terrible losses
- 1898 Belgica crew see first sunrise in 1600 hrs-1st to endure Antarct winter
- 1905 Body of John Paul Jones moved to Annapolis, MD for reburial.
- 1905 Phila Athletic's Weldon Henley no-hits St Louis Browns, 6-0
- 1908 W Lorenz discovers asteroid #665 Sabine
- 1916 A bomb went off during a Preparedness Day parade in SF killing 10
- 1916 In San Francisco, California, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade killing 10 and injuring 40.
- 1916 Ten people are killed when a bomb explodes during the Preparedness Day parade in San Francisco.
- 1917 Alexander Kerensky becomes Russian PM
- 1917 Four members of the Australian Army Nursing Service – Sisters Cawood, Deacon and Ross-King and Staff Nurse Derrer – win Military Medals for rescuing patients trapped in a burning Casualty Clearing Station at Trois Arbes, France These were the first bravery awards won by Australian nurses in action
- 1918 Lightning kills 504 sheep in Utah's Wasatch National Park
- 1923 Walter Johnson becomes the first to strikeout 3,000
- 1925 Yankees purchase infielder Leo Durocher
- 1926 105ø F (41ø C), Waterbury, Connecticut (state record)
- 1926 108ø F (42ø C), Troy, New York (state record)
- 1933 Caterina Jarboro sings "Aida," NYC-1st negro prima donna in US
- 1933 Wiley Post becomes first person to fly solo around the world traveling 15,596 miles in 7 days, 18 hours and 45 minutes.
- 1934 Bank robber John Dillinger is shot to death by FBI agents outside of the Biograph Theater in Chicago.
- 1934 John Dillinger shot dead at Biograph Theater in Chicago
- 1934 Outside Chicago's Biograph Theatre, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
- 1935 Lester Walton appointed minister to Liberia
- 1937 New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
- 1937 Senate rejects FDR proposal to enlarge Supreme Court
- 1938 Opening of Australian National War Memorial at Villers-Bretonneux, France
- 1939 The first black woman judge (Jane Matilda Bolin-NYC)
- 1941 Visitor posting - July 22 1941 Jaonn Finton was born
- 1942 Beginning of Warsaw ghetto "Aktion." 6,000 to 7,000 a day are deported to Treblinka.
- 1942 Gas rationing begins along the Atlantic coast of the US to help the American war effort during WWII.
- 1942 Holocaust: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.
- 1942 Start of battle of the Kokoda Track, Papua
- 1942 The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.
- 1943 Allied forces capture the Italian city of Palermo.
- 1943 General George S. Patton leads American troops to capture Palermo, Sicily, during WWII.
- 1944 Soviets set up Polish Committee of National Liberation
- 1944 The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland
- 1946 90 people die when Jewish extremists blow up a wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem.
- 1946 Estelle Bennett, rocker (The Ronettes)
- 1946 King David Hotel bombing: Irgun bombs King David Hotel in Jerusalem, headquarters of the British civil and military administration, killing 90.
- 1947 -8ø F (-13ø C), Charlotte Pass, NSW (Australian record)
- 1950 King Leopold, after 6 years in exile, returns to Belgium
- 1952 Polish constitution adopted (National Day)
- 1953 Cy Kendall actor (Mysteries of Chinatown), dies at 55
- 1953 U.S. ships laid down heavy barrage to support UN troops in Korea
- 1955 Joseph Foley actor (Mr Peepers), dies at 45
- 1955 The first VP to preside over cabinet meeting-R Nixon
- 1962 The first US Venus probe, Mariner 1, fails at lift-off
- 1963 Sonny Liston KOs Floyd Patterson to retain heavywieght championship
- 1963 The Beatles release "Introducing the Beatles"
- 1963 Visitor posting - mike scott born - USA
- 1964 Four Navy Divers (LCDR Robert Thompson, MC; Gunners Mate First Class Lester Anderson, Chief Quartermaster Robert A. Barth, and Chief Hospital Corpsman Sanders Manning) submerge in Sealab I for 10 days at a depth of 192 feet, 39 miles off Hamilton, Bermuda. They surfaced on 31 July 1964.
- 1964 Steve Ballesteros wins the Britsh Golf Open
- 1965 Number one hit on UK music charts - The Byrds - Mr Tambourine Man
- 1967 Carl Sandburg poet dies at 89
- 1967 Jimi Hendrix quits as openoing act of the Monkees' tour
- 1969 Aretha Franklin arrested for disturbing the peace in Detroit
- 1972 27.53 cm (10.84") of rainfall, Fort Ripley, Mn (state 24-hr record)
- 1972 Venera 8 makes soft landing on Venus
- 1974 Evacuees from the coup on Cyprus arrive on board Navy vessels in the Mediterranean. Operation ended on 24 July.
- 1975 House of Reps votes to restore citizenship to Gen Robert E Lee
- 1977 Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.
- 1979 Hope Summers actress (Clara-Andy Griffith Show), dies at 78
- 1981 Turkish terrorist Mehmet Ali Agca sentenced in a Rome to life
- 1983 -128ø F (-89ø C) recorded, Vostok, Antarctica (world record)
- 1983 Dick Smith makes first solo helicopter flight around the world
- 1983 Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.
- 1983 Poland's PM Januzelski lifts martial law
- 1986 House of Reps impeaches Judge Harry E Claiborne on tax evasion
- 1987 Soyuz TM-3 launched with 3 cosmonauts (1 Syrian)
- 1987 US began escorting re-flagged Kuwaiti tankers in Persian Gulf
- 1988 500 US scientists pledge to boycott Pentagon germ-warfare research
- 1988 Visitor posting - Gregory Jon Schommer I was born to the greatest Mom and dad - USA
- 1988 Luigi Lucioni Italian, landscape painter (opera stars), dies at 87
- 1989 Number one hit on UK music charts - Sonia - You'll Never Stop Me Loving You
- 1990 Greg Lemond of US wins bicycling's 3rd tour de France
- 1990 Nick Faldo of England wins the British Open Golf championship
- 1992 Near Medelln, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.
- 1993 Visitor posting - The Great Paul Baker is born.
- 1993 Visitor posting - The infamous "westrott" was born. - Canada
- 1993 Visitor posting - July 22 1993 Samantha Elliott was born
- 1994 O.J. Simpson pleads innocent to mmurdering his ex-wife, Nicole, and her friend, Ronald Goldman.
- 1997 The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario.
- 1997 Visitor posting - One Samuel Ethan Ray Sampel Born to Clayton E and Joni B Sampel Beautiful Day - USA
- 1999 The first version of MSN Messenger was released by Microsoft.
- 2002 Israel assassinates Salah Shahade, the Commander-in-Chief of Hamas's military arm, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, along with 14 civilians.
- 2003 Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year old son, and a bodyguard.
- 2005 Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers. See 7 July 2005 London bombings and 21 July 2005 London bombings
- 2007 Pdraig Harrington is the first Irishman in 60 years (also first European since Paul Lawrie in 1999) to win the oldest of the four major championships in men's golf, The Open Championship, which was played this year at Carnoustie.
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