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- 0030 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
- 0781 The oldest recorded eruption of Mt. Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781).
- 0904 Thessalonica is stormed by the Saracen corsair Leo of Tripoli, who plunders the town and carries off some 20,000 inhabitants as slaves
- 1099 El Cid dies in July at age 59 after being defeated by the Almoravids at Cuenca His widow will hold Valencia against the Moors until 1102
- 1108 France's Philip I dies at the end of July at age 56 after a reign of nearly 48 years
- 1451 Jacques Cur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.
- 1498 On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
- 1588 The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
- 1655 Russo-Polish War (1654-1667): Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years.
- 1658 Aurangzeb is proclaimed Moghul emperor of India.
- 1667 Second Anglo-Dutch War: Treaty of Breda ends the conflict.
- 1703 Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.
- 1741 Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia.
- 1777 Marquis de Lafayette, 19, made major-general of Continental Army
- 1790 The first US patent granted, to Samuel Hopkins for a potash process
- 1809 The first practical US railroad track (wooden, for horse-drawn cars), Phila
- 1813 British invade Plattsburgh, NY
- 1815 Commodore Stephen Decatur concludes agreement with Bey of Tunis to compensate U.S. for seizure of merchant ships during the War of 1812.
- 1856 Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city.
- 1865 East India Squadron established to operate from Sunda Strait to Japan.
- 1865 The first narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Australia.
- 1874 Commissioning of USS Intrepid, first U.S. warship equipped with torpedoes
- 1874 Patrick Francis Healy, SJ, inaugurated as pres of Georgetown U
- 1912 First attempt to launch an airplane by catapult made at Annapolis.
- 1912 US government prohibits movies & photos of prize fights (censorship)
- 1913 The Balkan States signs an armistice at Bucarest.
- 1914 Labor leader Andrew Fisher declares at Colac that Australians will defend Britain "to our last man and our last shilling"
- 1917 Crpl.Leslie Wilton ANDREW, 2nd Battalion, Wellington Infantry Regiment won the Victoria Cross at La Bassee-Ville, France,
- 1917 The Third Battle of Ypres starts in Flanders.
- 1919 German national assembly adopts the Weimar constitution (to come into force on August 14)
- 1922 18-year-old Ralph Samuelson rides world's first water skis (Minn)
- 1925 Unemployment Insurance Act passed in England
- 1930 The radio mystery program The Shadow is aired for the first time.
- 1932 Nazi Party wins 230 seats in Reichstag and begins negotiations for Hitler to be accepted as Chancellor.
- 1932 The NSDAP wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
- 1933 USS Constitution commences tour of principal U.S. seaports.
- 1938 Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanta (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia)
- 1938 NY Yanks suspend Jake Powell, after he said on Chicago radio he'd "hit every colored person in Chicago over the head with a club"
- 1940 A doodlebug train in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio collides with a multi-car freight train heading the opposite way, killing 43 people.
- 1941 Heydrich is appointed by Goering to carry out the Final Solution.
- 1941 Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Gring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question."
- 1942 German SS gases 1,000 Jews in Minsk, Belorussia
- 1945 John K. Giles attempts to escape from Alcatraz prison.
- 1945 Pierre Laval, fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.
- 1948 At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
- 1948 Visitor posting - Shirley Goodman Shafar is born
- 1948 Pres Truman dedicates Idlewild Field (Kennedy Airport), NY
- 1949 Lightning strikes a baseball field in Fla, kills the SS & 3rd baseman
- 1951 Japan Airlines is established.
- 1953 Dept of Health, Education & Welfare created
- 1954 First ascent of K2, by an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio.
- 1956 Jim Laker sets an extraordinary record at Old Trafford in the fourth Test of taking nineteen wickets in a first-class match (the previous best was seventeen).
- 1960 Elijah Muhammad, leader of Nation of Islam, calls for a black state
- 1960 Malayan Emergency ends
- 1961 At Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts, the first All-Star Game tie in major league baseball history occurs when the game is stopped in the 9th inning because of rain.
- 1962 Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV) arrives in South Vietnam
- 1962 Federation of Malaysia formed
- 1963 Visitor posting - Melissa Hughes was born on this date - USA
- 1964 Al Parker glides 644 miles without any motor
- 1964 All-nuclear task force with USS Long Beach, USS Enterprise, and USS Bainbridge leaves Norfolk, VA to begin voyage, Operation Sea Orbit, to circle the globe without refueling. They returned on 3 October.
- 1964 US Ranger 7 takes 4,316 pictures before crashing on Moon
- 1966 Alabamans burn Beatle products due to John Lennon's anti-Jesus remark
- 1966 Charles Whitman wounds 46 & kills 5 at University of Texas
- 1968 Beatles close Apple Boutique, giving clothes away for free
- 1968 Number one hit on UK music charts - Tommy James & The Shondells - Mony Mony
- 1969 Mariner 6 flies past Mars
- 1970 Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy.
- 1970 Chet Huntley retires from NBC, ends "Huntley-Brinkley Report"
- 1972 Visitor posting - Lori Ayn Varela is born in Phoenix, Arizona - USA
- 1972 Northeast Airlines flies its last flight before being integrated into Delta Air Lines the next day.
- 1972 Thomas Eagleton withdraws as Democratic VP candidate
- 1973 A Delta Air Lines jetliner crashes while landing in fog at Logan Airport, Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.
- 1973 Delta Airlines DC-9 crashes in fog at Logan Airport, Boston, killing all but one of 89 aboard. Lone survivor dies 6 months later
- 1975 In Detroit, Michigan, Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa is reported missing.
- 1978 Gunman shoots his way into the Iraqi Embassy in Paris
- 1978 Visitor posting - Benny and Teresa get married in Midland City, Ala. - USA
- 1980 John Phillips of the Mamas & Papas is arrested on drug charges
- 1980 Soyuz 37 crew returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 36
- 1981 42-day strike of Major League Baseball ends in the United States.
- 1981 Arnette Hubbard installed as first woman president of the Natl Bar Assn
- 1981 General Omar Torrijos of Panama dies in a plane crash.
- 1982 46 kids & 7 adults die as 2 buses & several cars collide in France
- 1984 US men's gymnastics team won team gold medal at LA Summer Olympics
- 1987 A rare, class F-4 tornado rips through Edmonton, Alberta, killing 27 people and causing $330 million in damage.
- 1987 Visitor posting - Michael Jedd Anjelo Zabalerio Isaac is borned - Philippines
- 1987 Rockwell International awarded contract to build a 5th shuttle
- 1988 32 people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Malaysia.
- 1988 Miami Dolphins beat SF 49ers 27-21 in London
- 1990 Nolan Ryan becomes the 20th major league pitcher to win 300 games
- 1991 The Medininkai Massacre in Lithuania. Soviet OMON attacks Lithuanian customs post in Medininkai and kills 7 officers, 1 of severely wounded (after a head shot) becomes disabled.
- 1992 Visitor posting - Joshua William Brooks was born today! - USA
- 1992 Visitor posting - Jul 31 1992 - Luke Daniel Conley is born.
- 1996 MIL-STD-1750A is declared inactive for use in new designs.
- 1999 Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector - NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon's surface.
- 2001 Visitor posting - Molly Frankel born. My pet is a hamster named Skipper - United Kingdom
- 2006 Fidel Castro hands over power temporarily to brother Ral Castro. This leads to a celebration in Little Havana [La Pequea Habana in Spanish], Miami, Florida, where many Cuban Americans participated.
- 2007 Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end at midnight.
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